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Objective@#To assess the quality of syphilis case reporting from hospitals in Hunan Province .Methods The syphilis cases reported by 126 middle second-class and above hospitals in the year 2010 and 2017 were retrieved from unified infectious case reporting network and compared with original reporting cards,medical records and laboratory testing records according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Syphilis （WS 273-2018）and the Guidelines for the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were evaluated between different reporting years,types of hospitals,levels of hospitals and departments .@*Methods@#The syphilis cases reported by 126 middle second-class and above hospitals in the year 2010 and 2017 were retrieved from unified infectious case reporting network and compared with original reporting cards,medical records and laboratory testing records according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Syphilis （WS 273-2018）and the Guidelines for the Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were evaluated between different reporting years,types of hospitals,levels of hospitals and departments .@*Results@#There were 8 947 syphilis cases reported in 2010 and 13 552 syphilis cases reported in 2017. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were 98.81% and 98.66% in 2017,which were higher than 36.39% and 36.10% in 2010 （P<0.01）. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in the provincial,municipal and county-level hospitals in 2017 were 99.07%,99.20% and 98.17%;the accuracy of syphilis classification were 98.91%,99.03% and 97.99%;the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were significantly different in different levels of hospitals（P<0.01）. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in the general hospitals,traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and maternal & child health hospitals in 2017 were 99.25%,96.92% and 97.57%;the accuracy of syphilis classification were 99.13%,96.72% and 97.30%;the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were significantly different in different types of hospitals（P<0.01）. The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis in the department of dermatology and non- dermatology in 2017 were 99.13% and 98.74%;the accuracy of syphilis classification were 99.02% and 98.58%;the accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification were not significantly different in different departments（P>0.05） .@*Conclusion@#The accuracy of syphilis diagnosis and classification have been improved in 2017,which varies in different levels and types of hospitals.
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Objective To study the diagnostic and epidemiological features of the first two HIV-2 indigenous cases in Hunan province.Methods Blood samples from two individuals with "HIV antibody indeterminate" and HIV-2 specific band showed by HIV-1/2 western blotting method,were repeatedly collected and detected under HIV 1 + 2 strip immunoassay and PCR,in Changsha city,Hunan province,through March to November,2017.An epidemiological survey was carried out at the same time.Results Our findings showed that the two cases were sex partners,without histories of sexual contact with foreigners and the source of infection was unknown.Results from the HIV 1 + 2 antibody confirmation test showed that they were "HIV-2 antibody positive".Through amplifying and sequencing the gag area of HIV-2 and BLAST,the similarity of HIV-2 strains presented as 98％.The results also showed that there were HIV-2 specific fragments in the two cases.Conclusion HIV-2 indigenous cases had never been reported in China.These cases had brought new challenge on prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS in China.
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Objective@#To understand the depressive disorders prevalence and related risk factors among new drug users in a male drug rehabilitation center.@*Methods@#The cross-sectional study was used. A total of 250 new drug users from a male drug rehabilitation center were recruited during March, 2017. The drug users who only use new type of drugs single or use traditional drugs at the same time were collected as the new drug users. Their general information and drug-related information were collected by self-made questionnaire, and depressive disorders and sleep quality information were collected by the self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire respectively. Logistic regression test was used to establish associations between variables.@*Results@#Of all 250 drug users, the mean age (P25, P75) was 30 (26, 35) years old, and 32.8% (82) had the depressive disorders. The individuals taking drug dose over 0.4 g daily before entering drug rehabilitation center had significantly more risk of the depressive disorders for 3.18 (1.71-5.90) than those not over 0.4 g daily.The individuals who bad sleep quality had significantly more risk of the depressive disorders for 6.07 (95%CI:3.31-11.12) than those had good sleep quality.The individuals who were depressive patients before the first drug use for 2.39 (95%CI: 1.12-5.10) than those were not depressive patients before the first drug use.@*Conclusion@#There were a high rate of the depressive disorders among new drug users in the rehabilitation center; In addition, several risk factors including the individuals taking drug dose over 0.4 g daily and bad sleep quality, history of the depressive disorders were negatively associated with depressive disorders.
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Objective To study the diagnostic and epidemiological features of the first two HIV-2 indigenous cases in Hunan province.Methods Blood samples from two individuals with "HIV antibody indeterminate" and HIV-2 specific band showed by HIV-1/2 western blotting method,were repeatedly collected and detected under HIV 1 + 2 strip immunoassay and PCR,in Changsha city,Hunan province,through March to November,2017.An epidemiological survey was carried out at the same time.Results Our findings showed that the two cases were sex partners,without histories of sexual contact with foreigners and the source of infection was unknown.Results from the HIV 1 + 2 antibody confirmation test showed that they were "HIV-2 antibody positive".Through amplifying and sequencing the gag area of HIV-2 and BLAST,the similarity of HIV-2 strains presented as 98％.The results also showed that there were HIV-2 specific fragments in the two cases.Conclusion HIV-2 indigenous cases had never been reported in China.These cases had brought new challenge on prevention,diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS in China.
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Objective@#To investigate the HCV genotypes distribution of 107 HIV/HCV co-infection individuals in Hunan province.@*Methods@#HCV antibodies positive plasma samples were collected from HIV-1 antibodies positive plasma bank in Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and carried out the nucleic acid amplification, the PCR products were used for the HCV genotypes analysis.@*Results@#For 107 samples, 77.5%(83/107) were from intravenous drug users and 25.2%(27/107) were underwent spontaneous clearance of HCV. The HCV genotypes distribution varied greatly in different routes of HIV infection. The non-1/non-2 types exceeded 70% in intravenous drug use and unknown route of transmitted infection populations, while the types 1 and 2 mainly occurred in blood transfusion or aphaeresis plasma populations, accounted for 83.3%. There was no statistical significant differences of immune and liver function among the three groups.@*Conclusions@#Among 107 HIV/HCV co-infection individuals in Hunan province, most of them were intravenous drug users and the distribution of HCV genotypes varied greatly in different routes of HIV infection.
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Objective To explore the association between interleukin 28B (IL-28B),equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 (ENT1) gene polymorphisms and spontaneous clearance of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infectors in Hunan province.Methods Genotypes of IL-28B and ENT1 (rs12980275,rs12979860,rs8099917 and rs760370) were analyzed in 107 HIV/HCV co-infectors in Hunan province and the distributions of gene polymorphisms were compared between chronic hepatitis and spontaneous clearance groups.Results The major genotypes in rs12980275,rs12979860 and rs8099917 of IL-28B were AA,CC and TT in HIV/HCV co-infectors,which accounted for 84.1％ of each.The three single nucleotide polymorphisms were highly linkage disequilibrium (r2＞0.94) and the differences of genotype distribution were statistically significant between chronic hepatitis and the spontaneous clearance groups (P＜0.05).Infectors which carrying the major genotypes were more susceptible to spontaneous clearance of HCV.Differences of the genotype distributions in rs760370 of ENT1 were not statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusion Genotypes AA,CC and TT of IL-28B were related to spontaneous clearance of HCV in HIV/HCV co-infectors.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the prevalence rates of nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)TDRs among HIV-1 ART-naїve patients in Hunan province using the ultra deep sequencing (UDS) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ART-naїve subjects diagnosed in Hunan between 2010 and 2011 were evaluated by both UDS technique and Sanger sequencing techniques, to the 1% variant level. Mutations were scored using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm to infer the status on drug resistance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>UDS method was performed on 90 ART-naїve subjects that seeking service of care, in Hunan. In total, 42.2% (38/90) of the subjects showed major NRTI or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NNRTI TDRs by UDS technique, at a HIV variant frequency level of ≥1%, 15.6% (14/90) showed NRTI TDR, 16.7% (15/90) showed a major NNRTI TDR and 10% (9/90) were both resistant to NRTI and NNRTI when variants were analyzed by Stanford HIVdb.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ART-naїve subjects from Hunan province, which had been predominately infected by subtype AE, would frequently possess HIV variants with NRTI/NNRTI TDRs that would affect the use of first line ART in the region, identified by the UDS technique. Further studies were needed to describe the prevalence of TDRs and to gather related information.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-HIV Agents , Therapeutic Uses , China , Drug Resistance, Viral , Genetics , HIV Infections , Drug Therapy , Virology , HIV-1 , Genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Mutation , Prevalence , Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorsABSTRACT
Objective To determine the prevalence rates of nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TDRs among HIV-1 ART-na?ve patients in Hunan province using the ultra deep sequencing(UDS) technique. Methods ART-na?ve subjects diagnosed in Hunan between 2010 and 2011 were evaluated by both UDS technique and Sanger sequencing techniques,to the 1%variant level. Mutations were scored using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm to infer the status on drug resistance. Results UDS method was performed on 90 ART-na?ve subjects that seeking service of care,in Hunan. In total,42.2%(38/90)of the subjects showed major NRTI or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NNRTI TDRs by UDS technique,at a HIV variant frequency level of≥1%,15.6%(14/90)showed NRTI TDR,16.7%(15/90) showed a major NNRTI TDR and 10%(9/90)were both resistant to NRTI and NNRTI when variants were analyzed by Stanford HIVdb. Conclusion ART-na?ve subjects from Hunan province, which had been predominately infected by subtype AE,would frequently possess HIV variants with NRTI/NNRTI TDRs that would affect the use of first line ART in the region,identified by the UDS technique. Further studies were needed to describe the prevalence of TDRs and to gather related information.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the prevalence rates of nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TDRs among HIV-1 ART-na?ve patients in Hunan province using the ultra deep sequencing(UDS) technique. Methods ART-na?ve subjects diagnosed in Hunan between 2010 and 2011 were evaluated by both UDS technique and Sanger sequencing techniques,to the 1%variant level. Mutations were scored using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm to infer the status on drug resistance. Results UDS method was performed on 90 ART-na?ve subjects that seeking service of care,in Hunan. In total,42.2%(38/90)of the subjects showed major NRTI or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NNRTI TDRs by UDS technique,at a HIV variant frequency level of≥1%,15.6%(14/90)showed NRTI TDR,16.7%(15/90) showed a major NNRTI TDR and 10%(9/90)were both resistant to NRTI and NNRTI when variants were analyzed by Stanford HIVdb. Conclusion ART-na?ve subjects from Hunan province, which had been predominately infected by subtype AE,would frequently possess HIV variants with NRTI/NNRTI TDRs that would affect the use of first line ART in the region,identified by the UDS technique. Further studies were needed to describe the prevalence of TDRs and to gather related information.